Germany, 1918-1945 – Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was the first peace keeping treaty after the First World War. Its aims were to demilitarise, claim compensation and to keep peace with Germany. The signing of the treaty was humiliating and a great embarrassment for Germany and therefore Germany wasn't represented. It was only the victors who attended. In the end, Germany resulted in a great loss of land. Germany also had to pay for the damage it had caused. These were called Respiration Payments, which were instalments of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6600 million. They couldn't pay it because their land had been taken away and had loses to amend, too. Because of this, Germany had to print more money to pay the instalments. Money then lost its value, which led to hyperinflation. Germany's armed forces were cut to 100,000 people; the navy was allowed 6 battleships and no U-boats. They weren't allowed to have an airforce at all. Of course, this upset Germany's armed forces as the majority of them were laid off. This all Helped Hitler's rise to power because the armed forces were out of jobs and Hitler promised reforms of change to put it straight which encouraged the armed forces to vote for him. Not only was it the armed forces who were angry and frustrated but so too was the general public who felt humiliated and vulnerable for reduction of armed f orces and all the other terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Therefore, Hitler was able to build on that. When writing ‘Mein Kampf' (My Struggle) Hitler used the depression and economic difficulties on communists and Jews as a scapegoat. This fed into that the Treaty of Versailles gave something for him to use his oratory skills towards. Question 2. Long-term is something that has been going on over a long period of time. Short term is a trigger effect. It's something that sparks it of. A short-term effect that contributed to Hitler's rise to power is that the Enabling Law was passed in 1933. This allowed Hitler to do basically anything including the more important element of outlawing opposition. Therefore the Nazi would be the only political party in Germany. This had a dramatic effect in a short period of time as Hitler then came to power in 1934-one year after being promoted to Chancellor. This proved himself to be a dominant and powerful character for the job-just what Germany needed. This is good as Germany felt humiliated after the First World War and then the Treaty of Versailles and needed someone, like Hitler, to regain Germany's strength and self-control. This obviously would tie in with the long-term effects. The Reichstag Fire was also a short-term effect. After studying previous work on the Reichstag Fire, I have come to the conclusion that Hitler started the fire on purpose in order to gain the public vote. This benefited Hitler and contributed to his rise to power as he denied lighting the fire and instead, insisted it was a communist plot as a scapegoat. It got the public thinking that if communists are the cause of the Reichstag Fire then they could quite possibly be the blame of Germany's other problems, like Hitler was saying. This begun to get the German public to agree with Hitler's views and therefore voted for him. On 8th November 1923, Hitler, with the SA, broke into a meeting held by three leaders of the Bavarian government. He forced the leaders to tell their audience that they would give the Nazis their full support by putting a gun to one of their heads. Hitler gained recognition not only for the Putsch but also for the trial that took place later. His 24-day trial reached the front page on a daily basis. He twisted the trial so even though he still went to prison, he drummed up much support. He made the November Criminals the traitors and made himself look like the â€Å"saviour† of the German people. He was such an orator that the way he spoke influenced the judges on their decisions. That is why Hitler was only given 5 years with the chance of parole after just six months. Perhaps the sentence he was given can be seen as a major benefactor in him taking power. Another short-term effect that helped Hitler's rise to power was on the 30th June 1934 when Hitler radioed a signal to Berlin for the SS (bodyguard) to smash the SA (Storm troopers) in the events known as the ‘Night of the Long Knives'. Members of the SA were rounded up by the SS and taken to prison and were later butchered. Although this seems like an unusual way to go about getting the public approval, it was taken with gratitude by the public. This is because the SA was too violent. Their actions were scaring some of Hitler's supporters such as big businesses, the ruling elites, and the general public. They were a large, intimidating group of up to three million. So Hitler was seen as a saviour and the public began to agree with his policies even more. Long-term effects such as the Treaty of Versailles contributed to his rise to power. The public felt humiliated and vulnerable to the defeat of World War One and then the Treaty of Versailles. The public of Germany obviously was very angry and wanted something done about it. So, with the aid of Hitler's oratory skills, his personality and leadership, Hitler detested the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in his speeches and like the public, wanted something done about it. Therefore, he promised to make changes in order to regain Germany's humiliating losses. This helped as the public shared the same views as Hitler and so supported him. Then there was the economic depression of 1923 and then 1929. The facts that Germany couldn't afford the Respiration Payments, there was masses of unemployment, higher taxes and hyperinflation meant that Germany was loosing hope. They already were receiving loans from USA to help pay of Respiration Payments. Then when Hitler uses his oratory skills and protests he will lower the taxes, lower the unemployment status, set a new currency to stop inflation, Germany believed they had nothing to loose. So, this too, helps Hitler's rise to power. One other element of Hitler's rise to power is his oratory skills. Since he began his rise to power, he had always been a powerful and meaningful speaker. Hitler, although being a quiet man, was an excellent public speaker. Often, he was able work a crowded room into frenzy, yelling and cheering in support. He used his speaking ability persuade people to support his ideas and party. He dressed in uniform to put emphasis on his overwhelming sense of control and power, he used his hands to also express himself and he raised his voice in order to give a great impact for his audience. All in all, I believe the short term and long term combine together. It is possible to say that the long-term effects wouldn't have been much use without the short-term effects and visa-versa. Therefore, short-term effects are just as important and play a vital role in Hitler's rise to power, just as much as long-term. Question 3 I believe the Treaty of Versailles was a major element in Hitler's rise to power. If it weren't for the Treaty of Versailles then Hitler's rise to power would be very much different in relation to what it was. The fact that he was able to use his oral skills to put across the shared views of public about the Treaty of Versailles and then build on that links the two together. I feel that the Treaty of Versailles sparked much unwanted controversy within the German Republic. Germany was so unhappy and humiliated both with the defeat of World War One and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. So to have a powerful speaker in uniform, standing up and protesting that the Treaty of Versailles was wrong and in conjunction, agreeing with the German public, was a great relief for Germany. Coinciding with this, the Munich Putsch happened at a time of hyperinflation, economic depression just after the Treaty of Versailles. Which obviously reinforces my argument that it was very much the Treaty o f Versailles, which brought all the other financial and economic difficulties in Germany. I also think that the Economic Depression has influential reasons why Hitler rose to power, too. It was the long period of time when Germany, economically, socially and politically collapsed and money became worthless from hyperinflation etc. this was the Economic Depression. It was a time of deep despair; Germany was in the grip of this great depression with a population suddenly finding themselves in a state of poverty, misery and uncertainty, whilst in the middle of a rapidly growing political instability. However, there were other significant elements that combined with Hitler's rise to power. So much so that if you were to rule out one then it would affect another (they're linked). All of the other reasons include; The Munich Putsch, the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler's oratory, personality and leadership, the decision by Von Papen and Hildenburg to appoint him as Chancellor in 1933, and the Enabling Law. The Enabling Law was a short-term effect but a vital one as it allowed him to outlaw opposition, which meant, what he said, was law. Without this and Hildenburg's decision linked, Hitler would most certainly not have made it to be leader. Hildenburg thought that appointing Hitler as Chancellor, they could keep control of him-how wrong they were! And indeed there are other factors that aren't mentioned. One being is the Reichstag Fire of which Hitler blamed on the Communists as a scapegoat. Without this, the Nazi's would probably had been virtually unknown and still holding meetings in the Reichstag hall-not ideal for a political party. The employment status was so negative that for Hitler, his long awaited opportunity to reach out to the German people had arrived. At this point in the German nation the citizens, downtrodden and tired of their economic situation, were more than willing too listen to someone with ideas or visions of a brighter and certainly more stable Germany. The main reason why the Treaty of Versailles overthrows the Economic Depression, narrowly, and is the most influential above all of the others is because it was the beginning of an ongoing unhappiness, which ties in with the Economic Depression. I am probably liable to say that without the Treaty of Versailles, Germany wouldn't have had the Economic Depression because money would of still had its value, currency, taxes wouldn't have gone up and there wouldn't have been any Respiration Payments. It was the symbolic element of which the Nazis were able to build their political views upon. The reason why Hitler became so popular over the Treaty of Versailles was because the terms of the Treaty were tough to compromise with that it led to most other effects. These propelled the Nazi party to new heights of daring, which was highly linked with the speeches Hitler gave and the promotional stunts that the Nazi party held. The party's tactics were very good and effective in their rise to power. However the success was really thanks to Hitler and the character that in the beginning I believe he was portraying but later became. I believe that if the Treaty was not brought forward, the country wouldn't have stumbled into a state of depression and Hitler would never have successfully raised the amount of strong morale that he did, mainly due to pure human conscience. Not many people believe in the majority of the Nazi party's actions and politics. However, there were usually one or two points mostly of unemployment or the stabilising of money, of which the Treaty of Versailles was the cause of; that no one else had offered the German sufferers until then. Their time was that moment; to be the biggest and the best organised and supported party that Germany had had since the war. The people did not know that Hitler's rise to power could cause another.

Alliance: Cold War Essay

ORIGINS OF COLD WAR ESSAY REVIEW Relevant IB Objectives 1. Origins of the Cold War a. Ideological differences b. Mutual suspicion and fear c. From wartime allies to post-war enemies 2. Nature of the Cold War a. Ideological opposition b. Superpowers and spheres of influence c. Alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War 3. Development and impact of the Cold War a. Role and significance of leaders b. Social, cultural, and economic impact 4. Material for detailed study †¢ Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO †¢ Soviet policies, Sovietization of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON †¢ Germany (especially Berlin (1945? 61)), Korea †¢ Stalin, Truman Past Essay Questions I. Origins of Cold War 1. ‘Ideological differences played little part in the origin of the Cold War. ’ How far do you agree with this judgment? (2000) 2. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. (2005) 3. â€Å"The Cold War was caused by fear, not aggression. To what extent does this view explain how the Cold War developed between 1945 and 1949? (2001) 4. To what extent did events in the final year of the Second World War turn wartime allies into Cold War enemies? (2004) 5. â€Å"An unnatural alliance that was bound to fall apart after the defeat of the common enemy. † To what extent does this statement explain the origin of the Cold War? (2006) 6. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it developed into the Cold War. (2008) I. Nature of Cold War 1. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. 2005) 2. Define ‘superpower rivalry’ and assess its importance in international politics since 1945. (2000) 3. In what ways, and for what reasons, did super-power rivalry dominate international politics between 1945 and 1961? (2002) 4. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it develop ed into the Cold War. (2008) 5. Also: the role and impact of alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War II. Development and impact 1. For what reasons, and with what effects, did social and cultural differences affect the origin and development of the Cold War? 2002) 2. Also: role and significance of Truman and/ or Stalin III. Material for detailed study 1. How, and to what extent, did the conferences at Yalta and Potsdam (1945) contribute to the origin of the Cold War? (2003) 2. For what reasons, and with what results, were there disagreements between participants at the conferences of Yalta and Potsdam in 1945? (2009) 3. For what reasons, and with what results, did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan affect Cold War development? (2008) 4.To what extent was Germany the cause of East/West disagreements between 1943 and 1963? (2000) 5. Analyze the role of Germany in the origin and development of the Cold War. (2002) 6. In what ways, and with what results, was Germany the key focus of the early stages of the Cold War? (2005) 7. Compare and contrast the policies of the USA and the USSR towards Korea between 1945 and 1955. (2004) 8. Also: NATO, Soviet policies, Sovietization of Central and Eastern Europe, COMECON, Stalin, Truman

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners - Thesis Example The violence that is mostly gender based denies the rights that can be enjoyed by women. This violates a woman's personality in such a way that she is unable to function properly thus becoming mentally paralyzed and eventually they end up being abused by men. 2. Women of all standards and backgrounds are vulnerable to violence whereas there are some who are more likely to be the victims of violence. This includes young and immature women, disable or financially weak women. Women who are of ethnic and racial minorities also face problems related to violence. 3. The law and government also play a significant role in the violation of women. Enough rights are not granted to women due to the racial and sex discrimination. They are often arrested for invalid reasons whereas the same attitude is not maintained with the aboriginal people. This is the biggest example of racial discrimination. These women are more likely forced to lead their lives with abusive partners.1 4. The victims have to face the trauma of the entire violence themselves and also the sexism that is associated with the process of holding their victims accountable. Ultimately they give up on their lives and end up on streets waiting for the cabs or buses that would leave them on the mercy of violent people. They choose abusive partners and houses with inadequate security since they are left with no other choice than this. They grudgingly depend on the people who trade them for sex and are most importantly their bosses. 5. Those women who are subordinate, socially or economically an immigrants and refugees also face these problems. Refugees are mostly confined to domestic or hectic work for which they are paid very less. They are not aware of their legal rights and are often threatened that their rights would be confiscated and they would be deported in case they report violence. Women are often sexually harassed and do not have any kind of support whatsoever. Due to this they end up on streets and are ultimately paired with abusive partners so as to finance themselves economically. 6. Women who are victims of sexism are bound to face the violence problems and are subjected to drugs and abusive company which leads them even further into the darkness an devils of this process.2 B. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to have a look into the victims' life, carefully study and analyze and then seek for the appropriate solution. This entire process is adopted so as to free the women from their miseries and horrible past so that they can acquire their legal rights and lead a respectable life. Women abuse and violation has been a part of our society since ages. Women have been victims of violence, hatred, abuse etc. and its increasing day by day. A lot of women have turned up and expressed their views about their past while some still tend to remain quiet about it. Be it due to their partner's fear or due to the society. Women are being forced to choose abusive partners and this has been a persistent problem and there is a dire need that this problem be identified at the roots, analyzed and solved. C. Guiding questions There are a number of questions relevant to women violence which dominate our society. It is very important to look deeply into the problem and carefully

Distribution of Beverages to its Retail Customer Case Study

Distribution of Beverages to its Retail Customer - Case Study Example If it offers a discount or charges less price for its products from one of its customers then it has to charge a lower price for its entire customer which will result in a loss for the company. The current costing method that is adopted by Johnson Beverage Inc in order to analyze the costing and profitability of the business and understanding the cost of the business that is underlying in order to analyze the cost and the income drivers. Therefore an in-depth knowledge is required in order to understand the profitability as per the stock keeping unit. For the improvement and development of the costing and profitability of the business, the company has adopted job order costing. JBI uses or adopts this costing as it assists JBI in analyzing and evaluating the net cost of its manufacturing process over a definite period of time. Under this method of costing the accurate cost that is incurred in the cost of production of the particular unit are maintained. JBI adopts both job order costing and process costing for different parts of its operations. The main disadvantages of applying or adopting this method of costing are it is very difficult or critical in identifying the overall activities that are undertaken that influences the cost of performing this activity. It is very critical in identifying the preferable cost drive that will evaluate or analyze the cost on the basis of the various activities. JBI mainly adopts fixed cost method for its billing purpose in order to analyze the fixed cost for all its activities and it analyzes and finds out the reason for variations in price. It allows the company in leveraging its efficiency and expertise in order to gain competitive advantage. Relevant costing may be defined as the cost that will influence the decision making of the company. The most relevant and best-costing method that JBI  should adopt on the basis of Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2 is Activity-based costing. It can be observed that in Exhibit 1 that the cost of the goods is subtracted or deducted from the revenue in order to generate the gross margin. It also calculates the customer profitability of the company.  

Rank the Duties of the Athletic Director Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rank the Duties of the Athletic Director - Essay Example Dorame explained that his position as Athletic Director demanded great dedication and hard work to help the sports administration to run on well – oiled wheels. Some of the chief responsibilities discussed were evaluating and hiring both head and assistant coaches, guiding and mentoring them, seeing that all game schedules were carried out smoothly and in case of rescheduling, he had to see that all concerned were informed and a suitable date fixed for that particular match. He also had the responsibility to see that regular practices for the various games were scheduled to train the players. Mr. Dorame said that he was also responsible for the collection of user fees and for convening important meetings with the coaches, players and their parents, so that they would become familiar not only with one another but also familiar with the rules and regulations of the sport. When questioned on the traits of good and poor managers, Mr. Dorame explained that good managers are not only very responsible and dedicated, but also work hard beyond the call of duty and besides carry out their duties in a very efficient manner. On the other hand, poor managers are slack in their duties and do not behave in an efficient and responsible way. When asked about the greatest challenge faced by an Athletic Director, Mr. Dorame said that staying on top by proving ones skill and efficiency and achieving goals and coming out successful after an event would be the greatest challenge and success for an Athletic Director. When asked about his views on the most important duties of Athletic Directors, Mr. Dorame explains that this position warrants hard work and dedication in addition to good health if an individual wants to be successful. The job of an Athletic Director is full time and highly stressful and in order to be good at it, one has to know how to handle stress. Some of the most important duties he discussed were

To what degree are resourcing stragegies constrained by the nature of Essay

To what degree are resourcing stragegies constrained by the nature of the external employement market and how can the human resources function respond to these - Essay Example It basically deals with the process of selection and socialization of new recruits towards getting the right work done by the right people. Aside from this, resourcing also helps the company understand the expectations of its prospective employees on issues such as: the reasons why people work, expected working conditions and salaries, promotions and the varying employment levels, effects of competitor activities on employee availability, and working patterns. On the other hand, the Hudson Institute, in its Workforce 2020 publication, indicated that resourcing strategies are, as a whole, not only involves the needs and expectations of employees but as well as the movement of its external environment. This involved the aspects of: (a) economic and technological change, (b) workforce availability and quality concerns, (c) demographics and diversity issues, and (d) organizational restructuring. Given the aforementioned issues and constraints, there is evidence to prove that the external employment environment has a great contribution in the manner to which organizations utilize its resourcing strategies. Before further discussion on the nature of the external environment, there is a need to answer the question, why do people work? In any working environment, people work, not only because they want to, but initially because they need to. In exchange for the amount of work they do for companies, employees get compensated and rewarded for the work well-done. Like in the case of American Express (HRM Guide, 2001), wherein it awarded its Canadian staff after the company had surpassed its 5-year financial targets and record. Since people work in exchange of the compensation they get, American Express equaled the loyalty and hard work of its 3,500 employees by benefiting them with a bonus plan for its entire Canadian staff and a stock purchase plan in which the employees can have an option of buying the company’s shares through its savings

Evaluate Sainsbury plc's financial strategy Essay - 2

Evaluate Sainsbury plc's financial strategy - Essay Example Sainsbury's is headquartered in Holborn Circus. To ensure that its products are effectively distributed in the local and neighboring markets, the supermarket has established a number of subsidiaries in the UK market. Under the leadership of David Tyler and Justin King the company chairman and chief executive respectively, Sainsbury’s has more than 150,000 employees. This has resulted to a significant increment on the company revenue that stood at ?21.102Â  billion in 2011. This paper, evaluate Sainsbury plc’s financial strategy by analyzing its financial performance in the last few years. To expand its customer’s base and generate more revenue that is needed to undertake its operations, Sainsbury's has opened a number of stores, supermarkets and a significant number of hypermarkets. To ensure that the supermarket is financial strong to cater for its short-term and long-term liabilities, Sainsbury's operates Sainsbury's Bank whose key objectives is to sell financ ial products. One of the major factors that Sainsbury's has adopted to enhance its financial performance was the formation of a joint venture with Lloyds Banking Company among other firms. Major strategies that Sainsbury's has adopted to strengthen its financial position is merger and acquisitions (Adizes 35). As depicted earlier, the supermarket generated total revenue of ?21.102Â  billion in 2011. ... ncial Statement 2012 indicate that as a result of the increase in the investment, the net debt of the company increased from ?1,814 million in 2011 to ?1,980 million in 2012. This was however, offset by reasonable cash that was generated from leasebacks and sales. Table indicating cash generated from operations and net cash from operating activities by Sainsbury’s in 2011 and in 2012 financial years. Figures are in ? million. Cash generated from operations 1291 1388 Interest paid (142) (126) Corporation tax paid (82) (158) Net cash from operating activities 1067 854 Net cash used in investing activities (883) (902) Issue of shares proceeds 14 17 New debt 391 45 Borrowings repayments (65) (79) Dividends paid (285) (269) Source- Sainsbury’s Annual Report and Financial Statement 2012 Financing of Sainsbury operations According to the board of the directors, Sainsbury’s is focused at effectively managing its finances by maintaining appropriate stand-by liquidity, red ucing the risks of refinancing and diversifying the sources of funds. Two of the major long-term loans that are vital in the operations of Sainsbury’s include loans of ?1,036 million and ?843 million that are due on 2018 and 2031 respectively. The company has provided its property assets as the security for the loans. Other key sources of funds includes unsecured loans of ?499 million, finances leases of ?143 million, and convertible bonds issued to the public amounting to ?190 million. Based on the profitability of the company, the board is focused at repaying the loans in the next five years. In order to have adequate cash to cater for short term and urgent liabilities, Sainsbury’s maintains a revolving credit facility amounting to ?690 millions (Modigliani and Miller 263). According to the 2012

Euthansia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Euthansia - Essay Example Seeing a smoking sixty year old grandfather die is different from seeing a newborn with underdeveloped lungs turn blue. Both are surely dying in a few days, don't they deserve equal chances of a decent death The Netherlands as been practicing euthanasia legally for quite some time now and it has gone relatively smoothly. Some are concerned with the increase in the number of cases as well as some gray areas. One of which is its administration to newborns and this lead the Groningen Protocol for Euthanasia in Newborns to be written. The Groningen Protocol helps doctors, or even parents, to administer euthanasia to babies based on the provided information so as to avoid interrogations by the authorities. The babies who are candidates for euthanasia are put into three categories according to Verhagen. First are infants with zero chance of survival. These are babies who are expected to die soon after birth even with upmost care and the latest medical technologies. The next group consists of infants with conditions which require intensive care. This group is delicate and even with great medical attention shows a grim future. And the third group is of infants who do not require intensive care but shows signs of intense suffering. They may survive but are believed to have a poor quality of life onwards. Among the three groups, the third one posts the most troubling decisions.

Character Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Character Analysis Paper - Essay Example They wear leather jacks, drink gin and grape juice in order to give the appearance of a cool group of buys. However, in the end, the insecurities and fear of Digby is brought forward as he is unable to maintain his cool in a dire situation. From the interaction between the group, it seems quite clear that Digby is the untold leader of the group. It is Digby who instigates the group in getting into rebellious situations. For instance, it was Digby who pointed the blue car to the narrator. Rather than collaborating with his friends, he took over the situation in a manner that an unofficial leader would take. It was not Digby who was driving the car but rather the narrator because the narrator owned the car. Digby was sitting in the passenger seat right beside the narrator. His position in the car also points towards his role in the group. He was happy to let the narrator ride the car but he placed himself in a position where he could control the car. He did this when started fighting for the wheel and leaned over the horn. He even instructed the narrator to turn on the flashlights (Boyle, 1985). Digbys character is dynamic because it changes at the end of the story. From being a cool boy, Digby evolves into a scared one. Digbys attitude at the beginning of the story was one of nonchalance. He was living a life where he derived fun at others stake. However, when he is beaten up by the man in the blue car, he is scared. Digby did fight with the man initially but realized that he was not strong enough to beat the man. Therefore he ran away from fear. He, like his friends, hid on the other side of lake for the entire night only out of fear. Even when he did get on in the morning, he was in a hurry to get back. The offer of drugs by a beautiful girl did not persuade him to stay. In many ways, Digby is quite like the young teenagers. They may appear to be cool from the outside but inside they are

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay Example for Free

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay There is a well-defined comfort for those who visit book stores and libraries. The books are there like faithful friends waiting to be called upon, read, valued, and appreciated. Let us not also forget, however, the joy and anticipation when visiting used book stores. They are everywhere, and they all tell a story; but not only from within the pages. They have a history; they came from somewhere; they are going somewhere. If everyone who ever had possession of any given book had written their name, the city or town in which they obtained the book, the purchase price, and the date thereof, consider what an incredible account would exist about the adventures of just one book. To realize that a book may have traveled through numerous hands and a century of time is a fascinating and exciting concept. Just imagine the many lives it may have touched. With the pages perhaps yellowed, thick and dusty, or thin and delicate, the word is still alive and just as profound and beautiful as it was when it was created so long ago. Whether fictional or nonfictional, there can be derived a value, relevancy, and importance to the book. For example, consider a book written in 1918 on the history of Poland. Much could be learned about the country and the author’s perspective. But also consider what the author could not have known about the country’s future at the time of writing. It is a study in itself. It not only gives a story of Poland but an idea of how much things have changed since the book’s publication. Nothing can or should replace the book; not the internet or any other popular electronic devices. Consider the rudimentary and necessary efforts involved in the editing and critiquing of a book before it goes into print. Can the same be said for the deluge of information available on the World Wide Web on any given topic? Is the information being scrutinized to assure accuracy or grammatical correctness? Is too much being placed on the web that will only create more confusion and misinformation on any given topic? Appreciate the physical aspects. Turning the page of a book does less damage to the wrist than dragging and clicking. If a book is read through an electronic device, there is the memory of it, but not a physical reminder. For example, there is no book to place on a shelf, nothing to return to the library, or no book to pass on to a used book store. There is an undeniable feel to a book, to its texture, to an interesting cover and enticing title that invites the reader to open it. There is a sense of accomplishment as the reader makes his or her way, page after page and chapter after chapter. And at book’s end the reader will recall the intrigue, joy, and passion for beloved characters, their story, and a conclusion that may hone the reflective nature and spur the reader to seek more of the same. Books are as important now as they were during the dark ages when all stories of experiences and places would have been lost had it not been for the dedicated and devoted people who penned them onto parchment or labored over a manual typewriter.

Anti-Discriminatory Practice In Prisons

Anti-Discriminatory Practice In Prisons This briefing note will identify the problems and issues in relation to anti-discriminatory practice in prisons. A racist incident is any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person. (HMPS, 2007). Anti discriminatory practice is to challenge and reduce discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, age, disability and other forms of discrimination. Prison staff can easily discriminate other prison staff or prisoners on any of the forms of discrimination, mainly racial discrimination occurs in prison (Noden 2009).Over the last ten years the number of prisoners from ethnic backgrounds has increased dramatically, this briefing note looks at their conditions and treatments and the considerations in which to minimise racial discrimination in prisons. In many cases a prisoners particular needs are not met and they are not given the same support as other prisoners, prisoners are often treated with disrespect and experience racial abuse. The commission for racial equality announced that an investigation into racial discrimination in the prison service would be taking place, this investigation is going ahead due to the serious concerns that racism is widespread in many prisons. The commissions for racial equality are concerned at incidents of proven racial discrimination in the prison service. The decisions were made after several incidents including the murder of Zahid Mubarek, during custody at HMYOI Feltham, Zahid was murdered and was believed to be racially aggravated (BBC, 2003). Background: Overall, racial incidents have increased overtime, statistics show that in 2006 there were 11,389 complaints of racism and this has increased by 25% to 14,191 in 2008 and increasing each year. However racism between prisoners has decreased between 2006-2008, the most common racism complaint was prisoners against staff and increased by 39%, staff on staff racism increased by 37% and staff on prisoner racism also increased by 13% (Guardian, 2010). The murder of Zahid Mubarek lead to a formal investigation and found that the prison service had broken race laws on 17 different occasions, some of the breaches include failing to tackle a racist atmosphere in jails, discriminatory treatment of staff, and punishments based on racial stereotypes. The investigation found that prison culture meant that staff could ignore equality obligations and openly racist attitudes or behaviour had been tolerated (BBC, 2003). Prison staffs of ethnic minority were found to be working in an atmosphere of raci st taunting and would be victimised if they made complaints. Racial stereotyping was another factor, examples such as black inmates were more likely to be targeted for drugs testing then white cellmates, and that locking a prisoner in a cell for punishment was used unreasonably towards ethnic minority prisoners (BBC, 2003). 12% of the overall prison population are foreign prisoners, they originate from many different countries, mainly Jamaica, Pakistan, India and Turkey (Prison Reform Trust, 2004). Although the increasing numbers of prisoners, the prison service does not have a dedicated policy or strategy to deal with foreign prisoners. Majority of foreign prisoners have committed drug related offences and are serving sentences of more than four years. During the early 1990s there were an increasing number of Nigerian nationals sentenced for drug related offences, this has increased in the last decade to them being the largest single group of foreign prisoners. No source of regular income has led many Jamaicans prepared to make a living from the drug trade, providing them with a way out of poverty. Recent figures show that nearly 126 foreign nationals under the age of 18 were in custody and nearly half of them held in Feltham Young Offenders institution. (Hansard) Current Status: During a recent interview in March 2009, Muslim inmates have told the BBC that they have been verbally abused by staff at Glen Parva institute in Leicestershire. One man said Ive been called a terrorist just because I grow my beard or stupid Muslim.I had so many problems in this joint I cant tell you. This is the worst prison Ive been too more racist than others. During the same interview the prisoner also states that when a complaint is made, nothing is done about it, and the board always believes the prison staff. From this we can tell that racism is still rife in prisons, and that nothing seems to be done about it (BBC, 2009). Since the Zahid Mubarak case the prison reform trust has carried out many projects and researches into factors causing racial abuse and discrimination, the prison reform trust consulted BME prisoners and asked for feedback on changes that they would like to see in the prison that involve responding to racial incidents. The prisoners identified four main chan ges: The need for an independent review and input into investigations Procedures and rights in complaints should be clearly explained Enhancing the role of prisoner race representatives Mediation should be made available Key considerations/options: The prison system could apply the following changes in order to help minimise racial abuse and discrimination. Firstly each prison should adapt its solutions to meet the particular needs of the prisoners, this will increase the confidence in BME prisoners in the procedures for handling racial incidents, by implementing the changes it will enable both prisoners and staff to effectively communicate with each other and also come to an understanding. Prisons need to evaluate and look at the harm that racism causes to prisoners and staff, they also need to focus on the different types of racism that takes place (blatant racism, institutional racism etc), direct discrimination where punishments or benefits are given out on the grounds of race is one of the more common types of racism in prison, and by prison staff is not seen as racism, prison staff should be given relevant training on equality and diversity, and also be taught to respect other prisoners religious and moral values, once pr ison staff are aware of their beliefs and values then they can change the manner in which they do things to prevent them from discriminating. Prisons need to look at the current policies and procedures and assess whether the methods are effective or not, and whether changes need to be made, the current policies and procedures are not working because racial discrimination is still rife in prisons, the prison board needs to address this issue and look into changing the policies to suit the prisoners and staff, which will in turn minimise the risk of racism. More importantly they should consult prisoners and learn how they would like the prison to respond when racism takes place. When prisoners are involved in setting up systems to tackle racism, they will have more confidence in the system, as many feel that it is not an effective measure, they will also realise that the system is fair and sensitive. By consulting prisoners, solutions to problems can be identified, such as when a pris oner states that when a complaint is made, it is not kept confidential and if found out by other prisoners or staff could put themselves in danger to either more abuse or maybe even physical harm (Bhui, 2009), the prison board could then improve the manner in which complaints are made and to ensure that confidentiality is kept. The prison service should also look at each prisoners record and history to see if they have a history of racial abuse or any type of racial discrimination, this will decide whether they should put a certain prisoner on his own or sharing a cell with other prisoners, if this had been carried out, then the murder of Zahid Mubarek would not have taken place. Another consideration could be that to put all prisoners of the same race on the same wings, this will minimise the risk of racial abuse from other race prisoners, however this will also stop non racist prisoners from mixing and not allowing them to integrate with people from other ethnic backgrounds or com munities. The prison board should bring in new fully trained staff, who are aware of the different types of discrimination and the effects it has on prisoners and staff, this will ensure that prison staff are not committing racial acts, and prisoners can also approach staff if they are being verbally or physically abused by other prisoners, because they will have confidence that the staff can be trusted and something will be done about it. Each prison should be visited by an independent organisation once a month, it should investigate any incidents including racial and incidents that involved violence, by carrying out this measure it will put trust and confidence in the prisoners that if they were to put a complaint, an independent organisation would investigate and this could lead to the necessary changes that need to be made. The prison service should make sure that all prisoners are aware of the complaints procedures, aware of how they are reported and processed, and that prisone rs are protected from any attacks due to putting in a complaint (Prison Reform Trust, 2010). One prisoner stated If hes racist, he has got to be suspended. Right now, they have immunity to do whatever they want. There has to be a deterrent(Prison Reform Trust, 2010), another consideration that could be made is that staff or prisoners that do carry out racial attacks should either be suspended or given some type of punishment, this will deter them from carrying out the same offence again. Conclusion: This briefing note has identified the problems and issues in relation to anti-discriminatory practice in prisons. It firstly shows the background of how racial discrimination affects prisons, prisoners and staff members, it then goes on to explain the facts and statistics of racial attacks in prisons, the briefing note also explains the Zahid Mubarek case and the factors surrounding it. It then goes onto look at the current status in prisons, and looking at interviews from prisoners and their views and opinions on the changes that they would like to see in the prison system. Finally the briefing note gives reasons and analyses the changes that need to be made and the advantages and disadvantages with each option.

Essay examples --

Mary Anne Warren and others argue for a liberal position on the abortion debate. A liberal view of abortion is roughly thought of as an idea that abortions should be able to be terminated at any stage in the pregnancy. In this paper, I will argue a defense of abortion, or a liberal view of abortion, using utilitarianism. I will then respond to a counterargument about the moral worth of the fetus. I will respond to this objection by looking at a strong argument by Marquis. Finally, I’ll conclude that Warren’s is the stronger position. This argument will follow a utilitarian view of the availability of abortion. To examine the ethics of abortion, it is important to first examine utilitarianism. Utilitarianism generally follows the idea that it is important to do whatever the greatest good for the greatest amount of people is. In Michael Sandel’s book Justice, he gives a definition of utilitarianism as â€Å"the highest moral principle will be to maximize utility for the most people† (Sandel, 34). In this essay I will demonstrate how Mary Anne Warren uses this idea to build a solid foundation for her argument in favor of unfettered use of abortions. Similar to Mary Anne Warren, I believe that abortions should always remain legal because there is no stage in fetal development in which a fetus resembles a person. Warren does make the distinction that a fetus may resemble a human being because they have a full genetic code and potential of become a person, however, Warren defines a person as someone with the capacity for rational thought, therefore a fetus might resemble a human but doesn’t resemble a person. (Warren, 11). While it is hotly contested, a fetus doesn’t have rational thought. For the most part, people would not consider a fet... ...oes present an extremely strong argument against abortion, it is not stronger than Mary Anne Warren’s position for the reason that potential beings do not hold rights and thus have no right to a future while actual beings do hold rights and thus should have an absolute right to an abortion. All in all, while there are many views and assessments on the ethics and morality of abortion, the utilitarianism view is clearly the best because it maximizes the utility of actual persons, and because fetuses aren't persons, they don't have to be considered in our utility calculus and can justifiably be aborted at any stage in gestation. Although the conservative view restricting abortions is very strong, it deprives actual persons of their utility in favor of the utility of potential beings and therefore in no way, shape, or form follows the general ideas of utilitarianism. Essay examples -- Mary Anne Warren and others argue for a liberal position on the abortion debate. A liberal view of abortion is roughly thought of as an idea that abortions should be able to be terminated at any stage in the pregnancy. In this paper, I will argue a defense of abortion, or a liberal view of abortion, using utilitarianism. I will then respond to a counterargument about the moral worth of the fetus. I will respond to this objection by looking at a strong argument by Marquis. Finally, I’ll conclude that Warren’s is the stronger position. This argument will follow a utilitarian view of the availability of abortion. To examine the ethics of abortion, it is important to first examine utilitarianism. Utilitarianism generally follows the idea that it is important to do whatever the greatest good for the greatest amount of people is. In Michael Sandel’s book Justice, he gives a definition of utilitarianism as â€Å"the highest moral principle will be to maximize utility for the most people† (Sandel, 34). In this essay I will demonstrate how Mary Anne Warren uses this idea to build a solid foundation for her argument in favor of unfettered use of abortions. Similar to Mary Anne Warren, I believe that abortions should always remain legal because there is no stage in fetal development in which a fetus resembles a person. Warren does make the distinction that a fetus may resemble a human being because they have a full genetic code and potential of become a person, however, Warren defines a person as someone with the capacity for rational thought, therefore a fetus might resemble a human but doesn’t resemble a person. (Warren, 11). While it is hotly contested, a fetus doesn’t have rational thought. For the most part, people would not consider a fet... ...oes present an extremely strong argument against abortion, it is not stronger than Mary Anne Warren’s position for the reason that potential beings do not hold rights and thus have no right to a future while actual beings do hold rights and thus should have an absolute right to an abortion. All in all, while there are many views and assessments on the ethics and morality of abortion, the utilitarianism view is clearly the best because it maximizes the utility of actual persons, and because fetuses aren't persons, they don't have to be considered in our utility calculus and can justifiably be aborted at any stage in gestation. Although the conservative view restricting abortions is very strong, it deprives actual persons of their utility in favor of the utility of potential beings and therefore in no way, shape, or form follows the general ideas of utilitarianism.

Black Panther Party :: Huey P. Newton

In the late 1960's and early '70's posters of the Black Panther Party's co-founder, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a rifle in the other, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generation's anger and courage in the face of racism and classism. He is the man whose intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped to found the Black Panther Party (BPP). Newton played an instrumental role in refocusing civil rights activists to the problems of urban Black communities. He also tapped the rage and frustration of urban Blacks in order to address social injustice. However, the FBI's significant fear of the Party's aggressive actions would not only drive the party apart but also perpetuated false information regarding the Panther's programs and accomplishments. In recent years, historians have devoted much attention of the early 1960's, to Malcolm X and Martin Luther King and have ignored the Black Panthers. The Panthers and Huey P. Newton's leadership of the Party are as significant to the Black freedom struggle as more widely known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. A typical American history high school textbook not only neglects to mention Huey Newton but also disregards the existence of the Black Panthers altogether. Huey's experiences growing up were central in his conception of the Black Panthers. Unlike King and many other civil rights leaders who were religious Southerners, from middle class and well-educated families, Huey P. Newton was a working class man from a poor urban black neighborhood. Born February 17, 1942, in Oak Grove Louisiana, Huey moved to Oakland, California when he was just two years old. During childhood, his baby face, light complexion, medium height, squeaky voice and his name "Huey", forced him to learn how to fight early on in life. Huey's remarkable quick wit and strength earned him the respect of his peers and the reputation of being a tough guy (Seale 40). Upon his enrollment at Merrit College Huey's academic achievements quickly began to surpass other students, while at the same time he was still able to relate to those he grew up with on the streets of Oakland. Autobiographer, Hugh Pearson in Shadow of the Panther reports that Huey "remained comfortable on the street corners with young Negro men who drank wine all day†¦and fought one another - young men whom most college-bound Negroes shied away from (Pearson 115).

Should Gambling Be Legalized? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Should Gambling Be Legalized?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past twenty or so years, great wealth and improved economic and social conditions have been promised to the communities that have embraced legalized gambling. However, with twenty years of experience it is time to look back and analyze whether this is true or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It could easily be said that gambling is as American as apple pie. Gambling has shaped American history since its beginning. Lotteries were used by The First Continental Congress to help finance the Revolutionary war. Many of our founding fathers, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington, have sponsored private lotteries. It has been said that "Our founding fathers were just numbers guys in wigs" At one time baseball would have seemed to be the American pastime. This is not so now. In recent years, the attendance at casinos has nearly doubled the attendance at all major league baseball games, with close to 130 million people visiting casinos every year.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With so much money at stake, the average gambler does not stand a chance against this big business. The casinos go to every length to analyze what makes a gambler bet, stay longer, and loose as much money as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gamblers who come to casinos with the intention of winning money are habitually disappointed. As casino crime lord, Meyer Lansky's universal gambling truth states; "Gamblers never win, the house never loses"2 Slot Machines and most table games allow players to make bets where the probability of winning is relatively high. Frequent wins are characterized by low payouts. These frequent wins encourage further gambles with low payouts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequent winning, low paying games are not the only way casinos get people to keep playing. Nothing less that psychological warfare is going on at casinos across the country. "The days of shaved dice, missing face cards and rigged roulette wheels are long gone. But the pursuit of profitability in the corporate era of gambling has turned the average casino into a financially hazardous place for betters"3 The casino's beliefs are all based on the fact that since the house has an advantage over the player, the longer the house can keep the player playing, the more money the house will make. The gambling industry spends millions each year to whether wider isles, fresher air, and back rests on the chairs at slot machines make a player stay longer.4 And why would the casino care if somebody is comfortable? Because if each better stays for just a few more minutes, it could mean millions for the casinos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Casinos have false ceilings with rooms above them where some people

Bad Trip

It is a critical issue that drug war is becoming a source of the destruction in America. Joel Miller talks about this in his book â€Å"Bad Trip† his argumentative thoughts and laments about this drug-war mentality. In this essay, there are three points that Miller wants to emphasize: the war against drugs did not make America better; rather it produces a greater problem to the States.Secondly, this drug prohibition will not end drug use as he mentioned but will only force the consumer to break the law just to get what they want and lastly, he argued about human or individual rights of these people who became addicted to drugs and that there is a way to get rid of this mess. Miller state in his tome that it has been clearly seen that crime has increased, corruption is more obvious, because of their intervention on drugs prohibition.It shows that the State has been put under anxiety in which, its privacy has been taken away since people who are involved in this drug gang were e ndangered, and hundreds of American people has been put to jail, law enforcement has been militarized and constitutional liberties has been break off until even lives has been risked because of this intercession. Sheriff Arpaio’s private, named Howie has been mentioned in his book which he talks about the growing militarization of law enforcement.Because of this fight against wars on drugs the government uses its power to grab control over the property, liberty and worst, the lives of the Americans. Miller note down that the policy against narcotics was far from the simple attempt to get rid of it, and it comes with strings attached that in the end, these strings tightens around the necks of American which suffers their liberty and lives. Talking about this prohibition that triggers the American to do what they want, as mentioned in Millers Bad trip, there has been a very big violent gang crime that happened in L.A. in this violence is responsible for more than half of the ci ty’s murders. And drug trade is the so much related t why this gang violence happens. As a result of prohibiting drugs, the government drives the business into the criminal underground, where violent people who are ready and willing to disobey the law get involved wherein they step into the drug trade at all levels. Such levels include the growing of poppies and coca to produce heroin and cocaine, there is the protection for growers, they protect the traffickers or they are the ones who do the trafficking.The thing is, this has been less given attention and address by the administration. With this, they levy taxes for their services and in this manner; they fund their attacks against America’s interest. Survey says, that gangster possess great handiness, that’s why they are the ones who flourish in the black market. And finally, Miller proposes a solution in order for the Americans to be pulled out of this mess. And this is by advocating drug legalization which will effectively stop this problem instead of allowing people to use drugs or abuse it.In Miller’s opinion, this conclusion demands that America accept some form of drug legalization that will effectively get rid of the drug-control industry but depend on an organization of cultural controls, mainly family and faith in order to dissuade drug abuse. Miller stresses that what the State does, society quits doing. And in his conclusion, so long that drug-war mentality instills in us, we’ll be defenseless and incapable of stopping the liberty- smothering growth of government, and so that the government still have to learn from it before the nation ultimately suffers.

The Hurricane

The Hurricane (Viewing Task) How well does the composer manipulate the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination (1000-1500 words) There are many ways the composer of the 1999 movie ‘ The Hurricane’ manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. The key ways in which the composer does this is through the structure of the movie and the use of techniques such as non-linear structure and foreshadowing.This movie is about an African American man who is faced with many complications over the course of his life including being ‘wrongly accused’ of killing three people which led to life imprisonment. The composer positions the viewer of the movie ‘The Hurricane’ to believe that Rubin Carter played by Denzil Washington was wrongly accused based on Racial discrimination. This is cleverly done with the real Rubin Carter playing a key role in providing all the voice overs and having a strong influence in how the movie is directed and ‘seen’.Characterisation also plays a key role in the way the composer manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. This is achieved by showing only Rubin’s side of the story and depicting him as being treated completely unfairly and unjustly which is completely biased. The composer is also able to manipulate the audience through his characterisation of the prison staff and police officers in the movie.They are portrayed as being corrupt and this is shown through dialogue such as the scene when one of the victims of a shooting is on his death bed and is asked by the police officers to identify whether or not Rubin was the man who shot him. When the man replies â€Å"no†, the police officer sternly asks â€Å"Sir look closer, are you sure these aren't the men? † as if to intimidate the victim into identifying Rubin as the perpetrator.The police officer is then portrayed to be racist as he goes on to say ‘I’m going to take you black ass down’ which contributes greatly to the perception that the police officer is corrupt and that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. The movie depicts the opposing legal team that are battling for Carter to be kept in jail as very racist. They constantly refer to Carter with a sense of disgust because he is an African American. The use of these techniques only add weight to the views of Rubin Carter which in turn makes the movie completely bias and anipulates the audience to believe that Rubin’s side is truthful and correct and that he was genuinely a victim of racial discrimination. Non-Linear structure also contributes to the way the composer effectively manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Non-linear structure is where effects such as flash backs are used which in turn means that not all events that take place in the movie are in chronological order which creates the sense that something is hidden Isabella Moro Monday, 3 December 2012 1:55:18 PM AET r not yet revealed to place the viewer in a position where they are able to ‘fill in the gaps’. The use of non-linear structure is present through the whole movie but the main focus is on one particular scene where Rubin is arrested shortly after gun shots were fired. More and more of these scenes are revealed over the course of the movie persuading the audience that Rubin is innocent because the flash backs (especially those in black and white) are portrayed as being completely factual and non-bias.However, what we have to remember is that the story is still being told from Rubin Carter’s point of view and therefore the accuracy of the flash backs are un-reliable. By using non-linear structure, the composer has been able to subtly and successfu lly persuade the audience that the story is factual and has therefore achieved to manipulate their views. Non-Linear structure is a key way that the composer successfully manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination.Another technique used over the course of ‘The Hurricane’ is foreshadowing, this technique is also a very effective technique used by the composer to manipulate the audience into believing that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Foreshadowing shows the build up of something significant such as a key event or a change in a character’s attitude or core beliefs. Foreshadowing is shown in particular over the course of the movie when Rubin Carter is in jail.There is a build up over time showing the different emotions Rubin went through, from being depressed and showing a lot of anger towards everyone, to a complete change of character when he met Lezra and his three o ther Canadian friends. Rubin is then put in a position where he has to choose between whether or not to trust these ‘white’ people to help him, or if he is just going to go back to his shorttempered, depressed self. This is a significant part of the movie as all other events shown so far lead up to this decision.After deep thought and a mental battle Ruben decides to choose to fight for his freedom as he knows he has been unlawfully imprisoned due to racism. The use of foreshadowing in this instance tries to portray Rubin Carter as a tortured victim of racial discrimination. The use of foreshadowing in this movie is a key technique the composer uses to successfully manipulate the audience to believe that Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter was wrongly accused of murdering three innocent people due to a decision solely based on his race.In conclusion, the movie ‘The Hurricane’ is not a reliable representation of the events that led to the imprisonment of R ubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter and is in fact a bias depiction of the real life events told from the point of view of Rubin Carter himself. The movie expresses his views on how he was unfairly accused of murder because of his race. Through the use of characterisation, non-linear structure and foreshadowing the composer is able to manipulate and effectively convince the audience that Rubin Carter was wrongly jailed based on racial discrimination. The Hurricane (Viewing Task) Isabella Moro Monday, 3 December 2012 1:55:18 PM AET The Hurricane The film The Hurricane directed by Norman Jewison claims to accurately depict the life of injustice suffered by middleweight champion Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter. The director uses casting, characterisation, lighting and music in order to convince the audience of Carter’s innocence. Jewison uses evidence, in some cases false, to manipulate the audience into believing that the Hurricane is and always has been an innocent man. This clever manipulation is clearly evident in his casting and characterization choices of Lezra to emotionally vest audiences into his journey alongside Rubin Carter’s.This technique is also used to create and perfect the other cast members to guide viewer’s thoughts and opinions as the director wishes. Furthermore, the lighting and music are blatantly manoeuvred to garner an emotional reaction from audiences, this is apparent in the poignant scenes of Carter as the victim of tragic injustice. Without Jewison’s clear bias fi lmmaking, the audiences would have been left with a different view of Carter. Casting and characterization in the film The Hurricane are utilized to persuade viewers of The Hurricane’s innocence.The casting of the characters Rubin Carter, Lezra Martin, Lisa Peters, Sam Chaiton, Terry Swinton and Lt. Jimmy Williams was necessary to create the image of goodness, as we associate attractive people with being good and kind hearted. Athletically appealing actors have been cast in all these roles in order for us to automatically assume them to be good. However, Det. Sgt. Della Pesca and the Prison Warden (the major villains) are cast as old, overweight, balding men to assure us of their wickedness.By casting Rubin Carter as an attractive man the director persuades us into believing in Carter’s innocence. Furthermore, the character of Lezra Martin is carefully created to work as an audience stand in for the film. This technique is used so Lezra works as our stand in to Carterà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. Lezra, like the viewer is new to Carter’s life and his story, while he learns about Carter, so do the audience, as he grows to love and trust Carter, so do the audience. Like Lezra the viewers become attached and emotionally vested in The Hurricane, so the questioning of his innocence becomes ludicrous to the viewers.The film technique of manipulating the viewer’s perspective is also found in the use of lighting. The use of lighting in the film The Hurricane positions the viewer into trusting that Hurricane Carter is an innocent man. Jewison’s use of lighting to persuade the viewer is evident in an early scene depicting Carter and Della Pesca facing towards each other, the only light in the frame is on the operating table behind them, so the audience can only see the side on silhouettes of both Rubin Carter and Det. Sgt.Della Pesca but no detail in their faces. In this scene, we see the stark contrast of their profiles, The Hurricane’s soft features and Della Pesca’s pointed and upturned features. This technique which has been used since the times of ancient Greek theatre is used to depict the proganist , usually the hero, with soft flowing features and the antagonist, usually the villain, with sharp, pointed features. By doing this, Norman Jewison has automatically positioned the audience to see Rubin Carter as a good and innocent man.This sort of positioning is also particularly evident in Jewison’s use of music in the film. Norman Jewison emotionally influences the viewer into believing that Carter is innocent through his meticulous use of music in The Hurricane. The audience slowly finds themselves emotionally attached to the story through subtle but effective music. At various points in the film a grave, slow, low, jazz melody plays which always coincides with a scene where the viewers are positioned to believe injustice is shown.When Della Pesca interrogates a young Rubin Carter, when Rubin is brou ght into the hospital of the victim, during The Hurricane’s first trail as well as when Carter is put into solitary confinement by the ruthless prison warden. The audience is persuaded into associating this music with injustice, so with the use of this music at the right point, such as when The Hurricane is imprisoned the viewers automatically believe it is injustice, which causes us to feel emotionally effected by this and believe in his innocence.Norman Jewison positions viewers of the film The Hurricane to see Rubin Carter as an innocent man. This is done through casting the protagonist’s role to an aesthetically pleasing man, the casting of the antagonist’s role to an older, unattractive man, the characterisation of Lezra Martin, the precise lighting of scenes and the meticulous use of emotion triggering music. Without these manipulative film techniques, viewers would have been left with a different image of Rubin Carter and a greater doubt of his innocence.

Beauty pageants Essay

How many of you have heard or seen of the reality TV show Toddler and Tiaras ? It’s a show where toddlers and young children mainly girls, take the stage wearing make up, spray tans, nails done, fake hair and fake teeth. They are to be judged on their beauty, personality and costumes. Parental ambitions can make there children socially unconnected with other children and sometimes mentally and physically drained. Parents have gone to extremes to make their child the best. The young toddlers are competing world wide to be judged based on looks, poise, perfection, and confidents, From as young as 6 months old. Beauty pageants within children are very exploitive because they promote a materialistic belief to young girls, damaging self-esteem, and encouragement to be â€Å"divas.† The object of child beauty pageants is to win money, a big crown, and occasionally other prizes like a bouncy house or a teddy bear. During the events, young girls are criticised by judges as they get on stage wearing skimpy clothes, shaking the butt while making kiddy faces. The parents coach their toddlers to win, no matter what the cost. Mothers hire make-up artist and hair stylist to make sure their child looks better then the others. The girls have â€Å"rivalries† with other girls who do pageants and they aren’t even 8 years old yet! They will literally seek out their competition to tell them that they’re ugly and say that they’re going to lose. Encouraging such competitive nature in little children could carry over to when they’re older. Life isn’t about always winning, and people shouldn’t be telling their kids that! Beauty pageants wrongly teach little toddlers and children that the only way to be happy is to win and be perfect. A young child getting spray tanned, false nails, false eyelashes and they are like 2 and hate it, is definitely wrong! I mean, caking your kid in make up and then telling them they’re beautiful isn’t right. Its sometimes not the children’s wish to do these pageants, it is the parents (the mothers) desire to give their daughter something that maybe the mother could never accomplish herself. â€Å"A San Francisco mum is injecting her 8 year old daughter with botox to get rid of wrinkles and she insists that she’s not the only mum who’s doing it. The pain 8-year-old Britney Campbell describes doesn’t come from falling off her bike, or losing a tooth-but from this: Botox injections-administered by her Mother. Campbell†s mother says she started giving the injections to keep up with the beauty-take-all world of the pageant circuit an idea planted by other pageant mums. Photos taken during one of Britney’s Botox treatments – capture just how uncomfortable an adult cosmetic procedure can be.† Child beauty pageants have children dressed up in inappropriate clothing. A few examples from Toddlers and Tiaras are; a girl dressed up as a prostitute from Pretty Women and a girl’s mother putting in fake breasts and fake butt padding for her Dolly Parton talent routine. The mum said â€Å"she was just playing the part. She had no idea what she was doing.† Exactly! The child has no Idea what’s she’s doing. Most costumes have cuts in the sides or in the back that reveal a lot of skin. This is teaching little children that dressing this way is ok. When they’re older, they might wear clothing that is similar, although it’s not appropriate at that age either. Also, these parents are exposing their girls to possible pedophilia. Competitions showing little girls prancing around in skimpy dresses. Some little, innocent pageant girl could be the main focus of a pedophile. Parents should not be dressing their girls so proactively. There have been reports of children that have been sexually abused. These researches have shown that the sexualisation of child beauty pageants is a contributing factor to the abuse. Child beauty pageants send inappropriate messages to young girls about how they should act in society. Child beauty pageant contestants are taught that if you look pretty, you win prizes. These girls are put in huge frilly dresses, given fake hair pieces, caked in makeup, and are already getting spray tans. Their developing minds will determine that being pretty is the best thing to be in life. A girl named Daisey Mae was on Toddlers and Tiaras. She was 8 years old and she said â€Å"Facial beauty is the most  important thing in life.† That is exactly what I’m talking about. These girls grow up learning one skill: how to be pretty. Women spent over 72 years fighting to be seen and heard as more than just a pretty face. Over the past 10 years, there has been a 270% increase in the number of girls being hospitalized for eating disorders. Some of these girls are as young as 7 years old. Many of the girls with eating disorders have them because of body image. Beauty pagea nt girls are becoming anorexic just so they can be pretty and win trophies. Child beauty pageants is absolutely unacceptable. Children should be on playgrounds and playing games. Not wearing make up and having fake tans. And to not be judged for how they look. I believe that child beauty pageants should not put young girls in such situations. Child beauty pageants should not be allowed.

Can Religious and Political Groups Combine Essay

Can Religious and Political Groups Combine? page 1 Denise Rodriguez Can Religious and Political Groups Combine? Eng 122 Composition II Instructor Schmidt 5/6/2013 page2 Outline I. The balance of politics and spiritual groups i. Can Spiritual groups and politics be combined? ii. Can politics and spiritual groups balance together? II. The combination of political and religious groups. i. How politics can affect a congregation? ii. Politician and pastor relationship. III. Affects of politics against religion iii. Law passing religions are against. iv. Politics advocates don’t have the same meaning as religious groups. IV. Conclusion i. Reason for political and religious groups can combine. Running Head: Can Religious and Political GroupsCombine? page3 CAN RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL GROUPS COMBINE? Organized religious groups can be political advocates as well as tend to spiritual needs of people. There is a possibility that they will strike a balance. Religion is a way of life, a cultural behavior. People work in their churches and live through the laws of the practice. Political advocate is the act of  pleading  or arguing a case or a position; forceful persuasion The Fee Dictionary, Farlex, 2013). Politics and religion are equally influential. It will be possible for the two to strike a balance and cannot be combined. Christian Cultural Center (CCC) on several Sunday’s there has been several visits from different political parties. Mayor Bloomberg has visited the church on many occasions. CCC is a spiritual environ ment where people go to learn the word of God. Pastor A. R Bernard stated in the daily news blog. â€Å"I’m not driven by political ambitions. It would be motivated by my love and concern for this city. I have 35,000 members who will be impacted by whatever happens,† The effects of his candidacy in the running for Mayor in the U. S. may have had an effect on his congregation. If Pastor Bernard were to lose, it may not have an impact on the church. If he were to win the church would no longer have him as a religious leader. To become a Mayor requires the person to be available for to work with the government, to better New York A. R. Bernard backs up Mayor Bloomberg along with several other pastors. Such as Rev. Timothy Birkett, â€Å"We have to come to his foundation sooner or later,† said the Rev. Timothy Birkett, pastor of the Church Alive Community Church in the Bronx, who is backing the mayor this year. â€Å"We hope that he will be receptive. † There are so many different types of religious practices that it would be difficult to incorporate them all. If politicians were to include one of many, that religious group would have an advantage over all the rest. The complications of political and religious groups combining, is the passing of laws that religions are against. Two of the most sensitive subjects are same sex marriage and abortion. Currently there are several states that allow same sex marriage while religions like Christianity are against them, as explained in the Holy Bible. The government states that a fetus is not considered a baby until it has been born. There are issues that have been raised from abortion. â€Å"Under Colorado law, a fetus is not a ‘person’ and plaintiff’s claims for wrongful death must therefore be dismissed,† the hospital argued. A 7 month pregnant mother and her Running Head: Can Religious and Political GroupsCombine? Page4 twins died at a catholic hospital in Nashville, Tenn. The doctors did not perform an emergency cesarean and ended in death of the mother and her two unborn children. The hospital would not speak publicly about the case that went in front of a judge. A hospital may not be a political or a spiritual facility, the issue of the hospital being a catholic hospital that abides by the bible and refused to perform an abortion on the mother to be. Simply because of what the BIBBLE says about it being a sin. Deuteronomy 5:17  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Thou shalt not kill. Numbers 12:12  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Let her not be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother’s womb. Political and religious groups are balanced in the way people follow what they believe in. Every group has a leader and rules to follow, whether it’s for the whole country or for people who share the same beliefs. If all religions had the same laws as politics, maybe they can be combined. CCC church is a church of political advocates. There are political parties from all over, which are involved in the church or even just with A. R. Bernard. Several other pastors around the world all commend Mayor Bloomberg for his involvement in the churches as well as how much money he has donated to the churches. Even after poster Bernard decided not to run for Mayor. He still continues to keep in communication with politicians. Known for its institutions of politics, finance, fashion and media, it is also one of the most religiously diverse cites in the world. Without that diversity, from small storefronts to large mega ministries, over 7600 churches in Christian ministry throughout the five boroughs. Religious groups can be political advocates, just like Christian Cultural Center. Both groups may have different values when it comes to law decisions. They are both groups with a great deal of influence on the public and religious groups vote for political parties to run New York. It is important for religious groups to keep involvement in politics, because it is what makes the state what it is. There are laws to abide by and reasons to continue to reach out to others as one. Resources Bible Verses about Abortion from the King James Version (KJV) by Relevance http://www. kingjamesbibleonline. org/Bible-Verses-About-Abortion/ Christian Cultural Center http://cccinfo. org/ Daily News http://www. nydailynews. com/news/rev-bernard-christian-cultural-center-set-endo se-mayor-bloomberg-3rd-term-article-. 370774 http://www. nytimes. com/2009/10/29/nyregion/29ministers. html? pagewanted=all&_r=1& HighBeam Research http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-293418641. html Stassen, G. (2008, Senator obama: Add â€Å"healing† to your message. Tikkun,  23, 44-46. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/212256663? accountid =32521 The Fee Dictionary, Farlex, 2013 http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Political+advocacy USA Today http://www. usatoday. com/story/news/nation/2013/01/24/fetuses-not-people-catholic-hospital-says-in-court-case/1863013/

Dimensions of interprofessional practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Nursing Care Reflexive Practice Personal Statement

Nursing Care Reflexive Practice - Personal Statement Example Sometimes we just need somebody to talk to so that we can unload what has been bothering us. Once, I have gained her trust then she can tell me more personal things -- things that may have a direct or indirect relation to what caused or is causing her illness. It is an established fact that cases of abuse in the home, school or workplace has been discovered due to the incident reports, record keeping, and even private journals of nurses. The primary requisite to become a confidant is to win the patients trust. FHCHS has observed that "for a patient to disclose private or embarrassing details about their physical or mental condition, they need to first trust that their nurse will treat them with dignity and respect." Knowing my role and what I have to achieve, I had to act within the indeterminate time that I have been given. There is no certainty how long Ms. Smith will be staying in the hospital so I had to act immediately. The first task is to break the ice between us. This proved to be quite difficult because of her unresponsiveness. I tried to spend more time in her room to check on her, straighten her beddings, move the curtains to allow a patch of sunlight in the mornings, at times just to say "hi!" or to ask if she needed anything. I had even gotten into the habit of passing by the minute I started my rounds and even at the end of my shift. I had hoped that this would break the ice. But nothing happened. I tried to make a connection through the visitors that came. But even when she saw that her family and I were in good terms, she still remained unresponsive. Her family welcomed my sincerity and advice. They would even call or pass by during my break hours to just talk. For me, these talks gave me a deeper understanding of Jane. I felt relieved to find out from her relatives that she was just reserved because she was the cautious type and not because she was judgmental of other persons. I also found out that we shared certain commonalities that I know co uld be points of conversation that can make our friendship work if she just reaches out. She made the first move today. Today she smiled as I entered her room. I smiled back and instantly knew that things were going to be different. As I straightened the covers of her bed, she asked that I sit next to her. I cracked a joke to keep the happy atmosphere afloat. Perhaps she just wanted to say farewell since the Consultant has given approval for her to go home. I was surprised that she suddenly opened up. She had started to tell me of her situation at home. But as sudden as she started she also suddenly clammed up when the ward nurse asked for my assistance. I excused myself for I had to first see to the task at hand. I tried to finish fixing the beddings in the ward as fast as I could so that I can continue with my conversation with Jane. I was excited to go see her again hoping that I have finally gained her trust. But when I came into the room, she was again reserved. I tried to coax a conversation out of her by again starting a joke but she did not respond to that. It appears I have lost the momentum. I lost the opportunity to be a friend, to be a confidant and to help her emotionally. I felt so sad because I know that I could have helped her. My feeling

Recruitment and Staff Selection (Moduel 3 case) Essay

Recruitment and Staff Selection (Moduel 3 case) - Essay Example The method in which the hiring process is conducted and the resulting decision made will have a lasting effect on the hospital. The hospital has a policy which requires all members in the senior management team to engage in ethical practices. They are also required to make effective hiring decisions based on ideal legal and ethical hiring practices. Most of the work in a hospital is funded either directly or indirectly by outside agencies. This aspect makes Mintville Memorial hospital to be generally obliged to comply with outlined regulations regarding hiring and recruitment. All members of the health organization should be fully conversant with federal and state laws on hiring practices. It is the responsibility of the Human Resource to monitor the hiring process and promulgate procedures which will be followed by the supervisor (Calvasina, et.al, 2007). This will ensure the hiring process is fair as the supervisor will be obliged to follow the appropriate process to ensure the right candidate fills the vacant position in the morning shift. The Human Resource supervisor should review the interview and application process to ensure all applications are analyzed and a candidate is chosen based on the analysis. Organizations have outlined appropriate steps which have to be followed in processes of staff hiring. These steps have been developed to provide logical and coordinated sequence of events. The supervisor will be required to follow these steps in the hiring process since choosing her own candidate may cause confusion or legal difficulties for Mintville Memorial Hospital. Employment equity was introduced by the government to ensure all individuals have access to equal opportunities in the work place. Employment equity is consistent with the human rights legislation and it recognizes the value of each individual in the work place. It therefore ensures each individual has genuine and open access to

Marketing Mix Critique and Analysis Masters Home Improvement Stores, Assignment

Marketing Mix Critique and Analysis Masters Home Improvement Stores, Australia - Assignment Example Competitors are becoming more aggressive in their approach to selling their products to the customers (USA International Business Publications, 2007). Masters home improvement has a keen eye on online selling which encourage other. However, the aggressive competition started with Bunnings in big-box retailing. Bunnings has already taken a remarkable place in the electrical product sales business and Masters Home Improvement improve in this sector .The aim of this competition is to be competitive in the market .Finally Masters Home Improvement Stores should be able to look at the way the competitors are dealing with the environment and thereby look at the ways in which they may be losing their strategic edge. Failing to do this will only mean that Masters Home Improvement Stores will not be able to handle the competitive market. Customers Customers are also another micro factor and must be considered in a more fundamental way. This is why customer service is becoming another very impo rtant part of the marketing mix (Miller & Jentz, 2007). In a modern world, customers have an ever greater choice for the products they want and it is therefore necessary for the business to know how to motivate the customer to choose buying from it and not the competitors. Masters Home Improvement must be able to take care of its customers if it is to be able to deal with the market issues. As Barlow (2010) says, customer service in today’s global business environment is no longer limited to just speaking nicely to the customer. In trying to have better relations with the customers, loyalty programs are becoming very popular with every business which wants to retain its customers and Masters Home Improvement needs to be more vigilant of this. These programs serve two important purposes in the modern marketing environment. The first such purpose is rewarding the customer in order to make the customer feel wanted and appreciated (Solomon, 2012). Masters Home Improvement has sev eral ways in which it tries to achieve this. When the customer feels appreciated, they are more loyal to the firm and are likely to come back over and over again. At the same time, as Dezalay and Garth (1996) consider these customer loyalty programs help in hooking the customers to the firm because the customer is only rewarded depending on how strong their loyalty to the firm is. As a result, the customer loyalty reward systems also help in increasing the volumes of sales per customer as the customer will be lured to buy more because they know that the more they buy the more points they will have (Tschohl, 1996). Part 2Marketing Environment Analysis– Macro Trends Technology One of the biggest issues that Masters Home Improvement faces today is technology. With regard to Masters Home Improvement Stores, technology is an important thing to consider because most of their products are technology based. With the current rate of technological growth, new products keeps coming up a nd customers are always spoilt for choice with regard to variety. In this regard, Masters Home Improvement Stores must be able to know that it is keeping step with the new technological products so as to know that the customers will not go elsewhere seeking for better more modern products. Technology has provided the customers with many options for every piece of technological device. Demographics Demographics also play an important role in the development of the marketing mix. For Masters Home

Benner practice analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Benner practice analysis paper - Essay Example This paper will, therefore, discuss the function of caring in nursing and responsibilities of caregivers. Benner's Model emphasizes a differentiated practice that promotes achievements through a systematic progression. The paper will apply Benner’s model and Dreyfus’ model to reflect on my nursing profession. The paper will focus on appreciation of value through self-empowerment and professional relationships and networks. Functions of Caring In Nursing Caring Caring is the fundamental aspect of nursing. However, there is a slight variation in the mode and length of caring hence, the requirement for specialized training and experience. Throughout my practice, I have acquired relevant skills and experience that I find useful in my practice. Comforting and giving hope to patients is my first priority. Some of the health issue such as terminal illness, old age, some mental disorders, and physical disabilities cannot be solved through medication. In addition, some of the co nditions take long time to be treated. In both situations, the patients have the right to receive care and dignity while undergoing treatment and therapies. Continued practice has enabled me to acquire specialized skills in comforting patients. Firstly, I always let the patient to know that they are worth living and acknowledge that they are not the only people with such problems. Thus, my basic approach in care giving is helping patients to rebuild their self-esteem. I achieve the objective by assisting the patient to re-discover themselves besides their immediate condition. Self-discovery enables the patient to determine their value and reason for life. Teaching and Coaching The second aspect of caring is a trainer or a teacher to the patient. As a skillful caregiver, I have realized that the wellbeing of a patient is dependent on the decisions made by the caregiver. In addition, patients rely on the nurse as their sole source of information and instruction. Being a caregiver requ ires you to be a role model and a point of reference. For instance, you cannot take a patient through regular exercise while you are not willing or able to exercise. Throughout my practice, I have successfully encouraged my patents to comply with the prescribed therapy. I have also been successful in promoting healthy lifestyles among the patients. Lastly, I am always considerate about the information that I pass to the clients through effective communication and interpretations. Counseling As a caregiver, I am also expected to be a counselor. This is useful in helping the patients to cope with stressful psychological or social issues arising from their condition. Experience in nursing has enabled me to acquire useful tactics to help patients cope with stressful situations. Firstly, I am concerned about offering intellectual and psychological support to the clients. Empowering clients through intellectual and psychological support enables the clients regain control over their lives. I also have outstanding skills in offering psychological support to my clients. I consider myself gifted in the area due to the positive results that I have always received. In the first stage of intellectual and psychological support, I always encourage the clients to develop new attitudes about their life. On a scale of 1-10, I can comfortably achieve a score of 8 points in promoting intellectual growth. Finally, I always encoura

Asymmetric or Symmetric Encryption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asymmetric or Symmetric Encryption - Essay Example Unprotected data could be accessed unscrupulously to fetch devastating consequences for any organization. Protection of data is mediated by various algorithms meant to encrypt the information (Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography overview). Asymmetric encryption or public key encryption involves two set of keys one is public key for encryption and another key for decryption, a private key. On the other hand symmetric encryption encompass a secret key that is applicable to encrypt plus to decrypt the information. It is a private single key common to both the receiver and the sender to decipher the information. It is essential that the key is kept covertly and sturdily and should be shared between two parties only. It gains convenience over asymmetric encryption process because of its ease and rapidity in operation but becomes cumbersome if the key is to be shared between more than two parties. Public key can be utilized by individuals as well as for business, where the trader seizes the private key and all the clients have access to the public key, as exploited by Lotus and Microsoft (Conventional versus Key Exchange Encryption).